Adware is a type of software that displays advertisements on a computer, typically without the user’s consent or knowledge. This type of software is often bundled with other programs and can be installed without the user’s knowledge or consent. Once installed, it can display ads in various forms, including pop-ups, banners, and text ads. While adware itself is not inherently dangerous, it can be a nuisance and may compromise the user’s privacy by tracking their online activity.
What Devices are Affected by Adware?
Adware primarily targets systems with extensive user interfaces, such as personal computers running Windows or macOS, due to their large user base and the ease of displaying advertisements through their GUI environments. Android devices are more susceptible to adware compared to iOS, largely because of Android’s more open ecosystem which allows installations from third-party sources, increasing the risk of adware-laden apps. iOS, with its closed ecosystem and stringent app review process, presents a significantly lower risk of adware infection.
Other devices capable of internet connectivity and displaying content, like tablets and some smart TVs, also face adware risks. These risks are contingent on the operating system, the device’s security features, and user behavior, particularly in terms of software installations and web browsing habits.
The effectiveness of adware is linked to the device’s ability to access and display internet content. Thus, devices frequently used for web services and supporting third-party software installations are at greater risk. Simpler IoT devices lacking display capabilities or with limited web service interaction are less prone to adware but may be vulnerable to other types of malware.
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Adware?
Signs and symptoms of adware infection can vary, but some of the following several key indicators are commonly observed:
- Unexpected advertisements
- System slowdown
- Altered browser settings
- Increased data usage
- Unexpected software installations
- Security alerts
Frequent, unexpected pop-up advertisements are a primary symptom, often appearing even when not browsing the internet. These ads might be tailored to the user’s browsing history, indicating adware’s capability to track and analyze user behavior.
A noticeable slowdown in system performance is another symptom. Adware can consume significant system resources, affecting the device’s speed and responsiveness. This slowdown is particularly evident during system startup, application launch, and internet browsing activities.
Changes in browser settings without user consent, such as altered homepage or search engine, are also indicative of adware. Users may find that even after manually reverting these changes, they are reset by the adware.
An increase in data usage is a subtler sign of adware infection. Since adware continuously downloads and displays advertisements, it can lead to a noticeable uptick in internet data consumption.
The presence of unknown applications or toolbars that were not intentionally installed is another sign. These can often be bundled with other software and installed without clear consent.
Finally, antivirus software alerts or firewall notifications can indicate adware activity. These security systems might detect and alert users to the presence of adware or suspicious network activity related to adware processes.
What are Common Types of Adware?
Several types of adware exist, each characterized by its behavior and distribution method. Legitimate adware, often bundled with free software or services, displays ads to generate revenue for the software developer. While technically legal, this adware can be intrusive and affect user experience.
Browser hijackers are a more aggressive form of adware. They alter web browser settings, redirecting users to specific websites or changing the default search engine to display advertisements or collect user data.
Potentially Unwanted Programs (PUPs) often include adware components. These are software bundles that users may unwittingly install, typically during the installation of another program. PUPs can significantly diminish system performance and user experience due to excessive advertising.
Ad-injecting software introduces advertisements into web pages that typically don’t have them. This type of adware can overlay ads on legitimate websites, often leading to confusion about the source of the ads.
Mobile adware targets smartphones, displaying ads outside of the context of the app they came with. This can be particularly intrusive, as ads might appear while using unrelated applications or even on the device’s home screen.
Lastly, spyware-adware hybrids are particularly malicious. They not only display ads but also track user activity, collecting personal information without consent. This data is often used for targeted advertising or sold to third parties.
Each of these adware types shares the common goal of generating revenue through advertising, but they differ in their methods of delivery, level of intrusiveness, and potential harm to the user.
In the third quarter of 2023, over 8.3 million mobile malware, adware, and riskware attacks we reported. Adware was the most common threat, accounting for 52% of all detected threats.
How To Protect Against Adware
Adware can be installed on a computer in a variety of ways, including through malicious websites, email attachments, or free software downloads. To protect against adware, there are several steps that computer users can take.
- Install anti-virus and anti-malware software: These programs can help detect and remove adware from your computer.
- Be cautious of downloading freeware: Adware often comes bundled with free software. Read the terms and conditions before downloading any software and only download from reputable sources.
- Keep your software up-to-date: Make sure your operating system and all software on your computer are up-to-date with the latest security patches. This can help prevent adware from exploiting known vulnerabilities.
- Use an ad blocker: Ad blockers can help prevent ads from displaying on websites, which can reduce your risk of being exposed to adware.
- Use a pop-up blocker: Many adware programs use pop-ups to display ads. Using a pop-up blocker can help prevent these unwanted advertisements from appearing.
- Be careful what you click on: Be wary of clicking on ads or links that look suspicious, as they may lead to adware or other malware infections.
What Should You Do if You Have Adware on Your Device?
If you suspect that your device has been infected with adware, here are some steps you can take to remove it:
- Run a malware scan: Use your antivirus or antimalware software to scan your device for adware. This should detect any malicious programs that may be causing the unwanted ads to appear.
- Uninstall suspicious programs: Check your list of installed programs and uninstall any suspicious programs that you don’t recognize or that you suspect may be causing the ads to appear.
- Clear your browser cache and cookies: Adware can sometimes be delivered through web browsers. Clearing your cache and cookies can help remove any adware that may be hiding in your browser.
- Reset your browser settings: If clearing your cache and cookies doesn’t work, you may need to reset your browser to its default settings. This will remove any extensions or plugins that may be causing the ads to appear.
- Use a clean-up tool: There are several free clean-up tools available that can help remove adware from your device. These tools scan your device for adware and other types of malware and remove them.
- Seek professional help: If the adware infection is severe or if you’re not comfortable trying to remove it yourself, seek help from a professional computer technician.
It’s important to note that adware can sometimes be a sign of a more serious malware infection. If you’re unable to remove the adware or if it keeps coming back, seek help from a professional to ensure that your device is completely clean and secure.
How Can You Remove Adware from Your Device?
Removing adware requires a multifaceted approach, emphasizing both software solutions and user vigilance. The first step often involves the use of reputable antivirus or anti-malware software. These tools are designed to detect and remove adware and other malicious software. Running a full system scan is crucial, as adware can be hidden in various parts of the system.
Manual removal of unwanted programs is another key step. This involves going through the list of installed applications on the device and uninstalling any that are unrecognized or known to be associated with adware. In the case of browsers, this also includes removing suspicious extensions or toolbars.
Resetting browser settings to default can help eliminate any changes made by adware. This step is particularly effective against browser hijackers and ad-injecting software, which often alter settings like the default homepage or search engine.
Updating all software, including the operating system and applications, is important for security. Many adware programs exploit security vulnerabilities in outdated software. Keeping everything up-to-date reduces the risk of such exploits.
Modifying browser settings to enhance security and privacy can also help prevent future adware infections. This includes enabling pop-up blockers, disabling unwanted extensions, and configuring privacy settings to limit data sharing.
Being vigilant about what is downloaded and installed is essential for long-term prevention. Avoiding software from unknown sources, paying attention to installation prompts, and opting out of additional bundled software are good practices to avoid unintentional adware installation.
In more severe cases where these steps are not effective, professional IT assistance might be necessary. Technicians can employ more advanced methods like system analysis and targeted removal of deeply embedded adware.
Ultimately, regular maintenance, careful downloading habits, and the use of reliable security tools are key to keeping a device free from adware.
List of Adware Removal Tools
Several tools are highly effective in detecting and removing adware from devices:
- Malwarebytes: Known for its robust detection and removal capabilities, Malwarebytes specializes in eliminating adware, malware, and other unwanted software. Its real-time protection feature helps prevent future infections.
- AdwCleaner: A subsidiary tool of Malwarebytes, AdwCleaner is specifically designed to target and remove adware, PUPs (Potentially Unwanted Programs), and browser hijackers.
- HitmanPro: This tool is known for its thorough scanning and removal process, leveraging cloud computing to detect and remove malware and adware.
- Spybot Search & Destroy: An older yet still relevant tool, Spybot is effective in detecting and removing spyware and adware. It also immunizes systems against future infections.
- Norton Power Eraser: Created by Symantec, this tool is known for its aggressive detection techniques, which can be particularly effective against stubborn adware.
- Avast Free Antivirus: Besides offering general antivirus protection, Avast includes modules specifically designed to detect adware and other unwanted software.
- Kaspersky Antivirus: While primarily an antivirus program, Kaspersky provides comprehensive protection against various types of malware, including adware.
- Bitdefender Adware Removal Tool: Bitdefender’s tool is dedicated to identifying and removing adware, offering a focused approach for this specific threat.
- Emsisoft Emergency Kit: A portable antimalware tool that doesn’t require installation, Emsisoft Emergency Kit is ideal for scanning and cleaning infected computers.
- SUPERAntiSpyware: Despite its name, this tool is adept at detecting and removing not just spyware but also adware and other malicious threats.
Each of these tools has its unique strengths, and their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific adware type and system configuration. In some cases, using a combination of these tools may be necessary for complete removal of all adware traces.
Adware and Identity Theft
Adware and identity theft are related in the sense that adware can sometimes be used as a tool for identity theft.
Adware is a type of malware that displays unwanted advertisements on a user’s computer or mobile device. These ads can sometimes lead users to fake websites or phishing scams that attempt to steal their personal information, such as login credentials, credit card numbers, or social security numbers.
Adware can also be used to track a user’s online activity and collect data about their browsing habits. This data can then be used to create targeted ads or even sold to third parties for marketing purposes.
In some cases, adware may even be used to install additional malware on a user’s device, such as keyloggers or spyware, which can be used to steal sensitive information like passwords, bank account details, and other personal data.
It’s important to take steps to protect your personal information when using a computer or mobile device, such as keeping your antivirus and antimalware software up-to-date, being cautious of downloading freeware or clicking on suspicious links, and using strong passwords for all your online accounts.
Bottom Line
Adware can be a nuisance and may compromise your privacy, but there are steps you can take to protect against it. By being cautious when downloading software, keeping your computer up-to-date, using an ad blocker, being careful when clicking on links, and using antivirus software, you can reduce the risk of adware infection and keep your computer and personal information safe.